Hexavalent Chromium in Industrial Sludge
Chromium is a naturally occurring element present in water, rocks, soils, and in biological organisms. Even though, chromium exist in various oxidation states, the only biologically and environmentally stable forms are Cr3+, trivalent Cr(III) and Cr6+, hexavalent Cr(VI) chromium (Ducros, 1992). The presence of Cr(III) versus Cr(VI) is pH dependent, Cr(VI) exists under alkaline or neutral conditions and converts to Cr(III) in acidic environment (EPA, 1984).
While Cr(III) is an essential nutrient for metabolism, Cr(VI) is toxic and a known carcinogen. Cr(VI) can be found in solution
state, as chromate, CrO4 2-, hydro chromate, HCrO4- , dichromate, Cr2O7 - or as water-soluble anion (Callahan et al.,1979). Potassium dichromate has been shown to increase the negative effects of Cr(VI) in organisms (Susa, 1994).
Exposure to airborne or dissolved Cr(VI) by inhalation or ingestion of contaminated air, water, or soil, is a major concern for various industries, involving welding, electroplating, and chromate painting (ATSDR, 1993). Thus, it is crucial to monitor Cr(VI) levels to protect workers at various working environment. High-Purity Standards is developing reference materials for the analysis and quality control of Cr(VI) from various source materials for use in industrial hygiene and air monitoring applications.
Description
For this standard, Chromium, concentrations include both 1000 and 10,000 µg/mL in aqueous solution unless noted otherwise.
Most standards are packaged in 50, 100, 250, and 500 mL HDPE or LDPE laboratory grade bottles. The certified density is provided on the Certificate of Analysis as additional information for the user.
The accuracy of all standards is verified against NIST Spectrometric Standard Solutions if available. A Certificate of Analysis and Safety Data Sheet are included with each standard. Standards are certified accurate for a period of 18 months from the date of shipment unless stated otherwise on the Certificate of Analysis.
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About the Author
Susan Massie, Sales & Marketing Director, Greyhound Chromatography and Allied Chemicals Email: sue@greyhoundchrom.com
Susan Massie is the Sales & Marketing Director for Greyhound Chromatography and Allied Chemicals, affectionately known as 'Greyhound' in our scientific community. Greyhound was founded by Susan's husband Paul Massie more than 40 years ago, Susan hasn't been in the business for all of that time but has been involved with Greyhound for over 17 years. Greyhound continues to grow, expanding into new markets and taking on the challenges of our ever changing environment. It's heartwarming to witness the world waking up to the fact that we are damaging our planet on a daily basis. Every action we take has a direct effect on our planet and the world we leave behind for future generations. Susan is passionate about climate change and is happy to work in an industry that can have a direct effect on reducing the impact of our actions on the environment. All of the team at Greyhound take our responsibilities very seriously, the products that we supply are used by the world's leading scientists and chemists as they endeavour to monitor and repair the environment. All is not lost, if we all take responsibility for our actions, from reducing our waste and reusing or recycling our material collateral we can make a difference. The internet is full of useful advice and guidance, Susan is proud to contribute to that wealth of knowledge whenever she can.
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