FIND THE BEST CHEMICAL FOR DEALING WITH COMMON PUMPKIN PESTS
Pumpkins are an important part of many cultures' Halloween celebrations, increasingly so in the UK. People want pumpkins for everything from pies to decorations, often appearing on our doorsteps to provide a welcome signal to ‘trick or treaters’. As demand has grown commercial pumpkin farming has become a profitable industry. It is estimated that more than 15 million pumpkins are grown in the UK each year.
The types of pumpkins or other Autumn gourds grown determine the pests that can affect them. Some of the most common types of pumpkins include cucurbita maxima, cucurbita moschata and cucurbita argyrosperma. All trace their roots back to North America and northern South America. Cucurbita moschata are the picturesque Jack-o-Lantern pumpkins, but have a variety of other styles as well. Also, pumpkins are vining fruits like watermelons, which changes the pests that find these plants attractive.
Native Americans have long used edible pumpkins for cooking in everything from bread to soups and taught the newly arrived colonists many of their culinary tricks. Pumpkins can be grilled, baked, broiled, steamed or roasted whole in hot embers as the native people once did. Pumpkins used for food differs from those bred for Halloween carving. Those pumpkins are bred to be large, mostly hollow, and flat bottomed. The flesh, however, doesn’t hold a candle to most of the pumpkin varieties for eating. It is watery and bland, although the seeds are excellent toasted. Decorative pumpkins of this ilk include Howdon Biggy and Connecticut Field. Pumpkins bred for food offer robust flavour, colour, and nutrition. These cucurbit family members contain dietary firer, vitamins A and C, riboflavin, potassium, copper, manganese, Vitamins E and B6, thiamin, niacin, folate, iron, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus! Wow, and all with very little fat or calories!
Read more at Gardening Know How: Pumpkin Varieties For Eating: Best Types Of Pumpkins For Cooking https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/pumpkin/pumpkins-for-cooking.htm
Best Pumpkins to Eat
The question of which are the best pumpkins to eat is a bit tricky. Why? Because the term pumpkin is a catch-all word that encompasses several types of winter squash. For example, Cucurbita moschata encompasses butternut squash, but it also includes the buff-colored Dickinson pumpkin, apparently “the pumpkin of choice for Libby’s canned pumpkins.” This means that the types of pumpkins for cooking are really just hard-skinned squash. Take the more recently marketed Jack-Be-Little. This palm-sized specimen was introduced in 1986 and is most likely a forgotten acorn squash cultivar; it looks like a miniature pumpkin but tastes like acorn squash. Other small pumpkins that are delicious include Baby Pam, the white Baby Boo and New England Pie.
Read more at Gardening Know How: Pumpkin Varieties For Eating: Best Types Of Pumpkins For Cooking https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/pumpkin/pumpkins-for-cooking.htm
Best Pumpkins for Cooking
- Cheese pumpkin – The Cheese pumpkin (moschata) is a squat, pale pumpkin more often used in displays of fall produce but it makes an excellent baking vessel and can be used as a serving tureen.
- Cinderella pumpkin – Cinderella pumpkin looks just like the pumpkin that transformed into Cinderella’s coach. It has thick, sweet, custard-like flesh.
- Jarrahdale pumpkin – Jarrahdale pumpkins hale from Jarrahdale, New Zealand and have a melon-like aroma with firm, bright orange, fairly stringless flesh.
- Lumina pumpkin – Lumina pumpkin is named for its ghostly white mien. It is great for baking as well as carving or painting.
- Pumpkin– Peanut pumpkin looks a bit like a peanut with its warty exterior but is actually a squash from France where it is called the Galeux d’Eysines. It has sweet, orange flesh perfect for soups and is an old heirloom variety.
- Pie pumpkin – Pie pumpkin encompasses several pumpkin varieties grown for eating not ornamentation. They are usually smaller and denser than carving pumpkins. Red Warty is a cross between a red Hubbard squash and pie pumpkin with delicious sweet flesh. The lovely reddish hue makes it a beautiful pumpkin used as decoration although the bumpy skin makes it hard to carve.
- One-Too-Many pumpkins – One-Too-Many, so named for their resemblances to the red face flush of a chronic drunk, are creamy with pale red veins that darken to a deeper red. They make great pie or can be used for carving or decoration.
Read more at Gardening Know How: Pumpkin Varieties For Eating: Best Types Of Pumpkins For Cooking https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/pumpkin/pumpkins-for-cooking.htm
Zero Waste Pumpkins
Delicious recipes for using the pulp of of pumkins are widely available on the internet, from Pumpkin Pie to Pumpkin Muffins, the choice is endless.
When you have carved out the pulp put the hollow pumpkin at the bottom of the garden, your local wildlife will be very grateful.
And don’t forget those pumpkin seeds! They are loaded with fibre and protein. The oil from the seeds of the ‘Styrian Hulless’ pumpkin from Austria is touted for it’s dark, rich, flavour loaded with heart-healthy fats.
Read more at Gardening Know How: Pumpkin Varieties For Eating: Best Types Of Pumpkins For Cooking https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/pumpkin/pumpkins-for-cooking.htm
Humans are not the only ones who love these autumn gourds. Insects, molds and diseases are also attracted to these orange fruits. To keep their industry profitable and deliver picturesque, tasty pumpkins, many farmers turn to chemical pesticides to reduce the damage of these pests. Whether you are a farmer, a chemist, a pesticide engineer or just a researcher who loves carving Jack-o-lanterns, explore some of the most common pumpkin pests and which chemicals can help dispatch them.
Growing pumpkins can be a high-risk operation, especially if you’re after a real giant. Big pumpkins can take all summer to grow, and the last thing you want is for your prize specimen to fall victim to pumpkin insect pests. Keep reading to learn about pumpkin insect problems and pumpkin insect control
Read more at Gardening Know How: Pumpkin Insect Control – Dealing With Pumpkin Insect Pests https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/pumpkin/pumpkin-insect-pests.htm
Aphids
Aphids are pests on pumpkins that don’t necessarily do damage except in large numbers, when they can yellow leaves and produce a nasty, sticky substance called honeydew. Even in small numbers, however, they can spread diseases among pumpkin plants. Light insecticides should kill off an aphid infestation, but they can also be combatted by a strong spray of water, the introduction of natural predators like ladybugs, and the installation of reflective mulch.
Read more at Gardening Know How: Pumpkin Insect Control – Dealing With Pumpkin Insect pests https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/pumpkin/pumpkin-insect-pests.htm
Beetles
Beetles – Beetles are the most common but easily treated pests on pumpkins. Spray your vines with a mild pesticide and they should disappear.
Read more at Gardening Know How: Pumpkin Insect Control – Dealing With Pumpkin Insect Pests https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/pumpkin/pumpkin-insect-pests.htm
Phytophthora blight
Phytophthora blight occurs frequently, contributing to a 1A Four-star rank. The USDA North Central Region IPM Centre pointed to this as one of the most serious diseases that can affect pumpkins. It is caused by phytophthora capsici, which comes from spores in the soil. The spores are plentiful and invade easily, making control of this disease difficult.
Phytophthora blight can rot seeds, roots, vines, leaves and the fruit itself. Lesions in the vines and leaves may be signs of phytophthora blight, which can lead to crown or total fruit rot. Phytophthora blight may lead to total crop loss and can be financially devastating.
There are a number of chemicals and pesticides that can be used during the planting process and afterward to combat this damaging condition, the USDA North Central Region IPM Centre explained. Mefenoxam works well as part of a seed treatment to prevent this blight, while it is also effective for use later on.
Dimethomorph, cymoxanil and famoxadone, and chlorothalonil and mefenoxam are all rated as good against this disease. Crop rotation and not using pond water for irrigation are also recommended for avoiding this condition.
Snails and Slugs
Snails and slugs love to eat the tender flesh of very young giant pumpkins. Put a ring of epsom salt or sand around your pumpkin – the pumpkin insect pests won’t cross it. Once your pumpkin’s skin has hardened, they won’t be able to puncture it and won’t be a problem anymore.
Read more at Gardening Know How: Pumpkin Insect Control – Dealing With Pumpkin Insect Pests https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/pumpkin/pumpkin-insect-pests.htm
Squash vine borer
The squash vine borer looks similar to a wasp and uses pumpkin vines as larval incubators. They lay eggs in the pumpkin's vine, causing wilt and rot. Rick Weinzierl, extension entomologist from the Department of Crop Sciences at the University of Illinois, recommended that farmers look for these pests as soon as the pumpkins begins vining. Unlike most moths, the squash vine borer is out in the daytime and can be spotted through small holes in the vine.
"Treat when first damage is noted and again about a week later," Weinzierl wrote. "Several insecticides are effective for vine borer control, including Capture (bifenthrin), Sevin (carbaryl), Asana (esfenvalerate), Pounce (permethrin), and Ambush (permethrin) … At the small scale, mounding soil around the base of vines can encourage adventitious root growth from portions of the vine beyond the point of vine borer damage."
Squash bug
Weinzierl noted another common insect that can wreak havoc on pumpkins: The squash bug. These pests "move in" to pumpkins in June and July, laying eggs on the leaves. They can cause serious destruction to single plants or entire crops depending on their number. The most destruction may be caused by yellow vine disease, which can be spread through squash bug bacteria.
It is optimal to use pesticide when the nymphs or young squash bugs hatch, about 6 weeks after the eggs are laid. Capture's active ingredient bifenthrin is great for treating these pests. Asana and Pounce are also effective, as is Sabadilla, which is sold outside the U.S. Carbaryl is also an effective insecticide.
Viruses
Viruses are among the most common and difficult problems to manage while growing pumpkins. Typical pumpkin viruses include the Squash Mosaic Virus, Papaya Ringspot Virus, Cucumber Mosaic Virus, Watermelon Mosaic Virus and Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus – all of which can affect pumpkins and other plants that they are not named for.
Unfortunately, there are no pesticide solutions to treat these viruses directly. Fungicides, bactericides and pesticides are useless against the actual viruses. The best defense against these is to use pesticides against cucumber beetles, which can carry the viruses. Sevin (carbaryl), Furadan (carbofuran), Capture (bifenthrin), Asana (esfenvalerate), Danitol (fenpropathrin), Ambush (permethrin), Pounce (permethrin), and Admire (imadacloprid) are all rated as good pesticides against cucumber beetles.
Weeds
Pumpkins, like most crops, are not just under attack from bugs, mold, bacteria and viruses, they can also be hurt by weeds such as carpetweed, horseweed, giant ragweed, lambsquarters and many others, the USDA North Central Region IPM Center explained. Roundup (glyphosate) and Sandea (halosulfuron) are commonly used and effective chemicals for dealing with a variety of weeds.
To get a great looking or tasting pumpkin into your home, there are a number of obstacles that need to be overcome including weeds, disease, bugs and other pests.
Author:
Sue Massie, Sales & Marketing Director
Greyhound Chromatography and Allied Chemicals
About The Author
Susan Massie, Sales & Marketing Director, Greyhound Chromatography and Allied Chemicals Email: sue@greyhoundchrom.com
Susan Massie is the Sales & Marketing Director for Greyhound Chromatography and Allied Chemicals, affectionately known as 'Greyhound' in our scientific community. Greyhound was founded by Susan's husband Paul Massie more than 40 years ago, Susan hasn't been in the business for all of that time but has been involved with Greyhound for over 19 years. Greyhound continues to grow, expanding into new markets and taking on the challenges of our ever changing environment. It's heartwarming to witness the world waking up to the fact that we are damaging our planet on a daily basis. Every action we take has a direct effect on our planet and the world we leave behind for future generations. Susan is passionate about climate change and is happy to work in an industry that can have a direct effect on reducing the impact of our actions on the environment. All of the team at Greyhound take our responsibilities very seriously, the products that we supply are used by the world's leading scientists and chemists as they endeavour to monitor and repair the environment. All is not lost, if we all take responsibility for our actions, from reducing our waste and reusing or recycling our material collateral we can make a difference. The internet is full of useful advice and guidance, Susan is proud to contribute to that wealth of knowledge whenever she can.
Greyhound prides itself on personal service which provides prompt, efficient, cost-effective, safe delivery of all products. Greyhound provides technical advice and distribution of Certified Reference Standards and Materials, Laboratory Consumables, Solvents and Reagents across all scientific disciplines. Greyhound Chromatography offers over 1 Million products from its UK warehouse. The team at Greyhound are proud to support the work of the world's leading scientists and chemists as they challenge the abuse of our planet and try to make a difference to the world we leave behind for our ancestors.
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